Codominance - Elizabeth Maguire

Co-Dominance

Main Ideas:

• Co- means together
• Equally strong alleles
• Neither dominates over the other
• Both show in the offspring
• Results in a spotted, speckled, or checkered apperance

In co-dominance both of the parents alleles are equally dominant, which means that they both show in the offspring. An example of this would be if a white chicken mated with a black chicken, which would then result in a checkered chicken. Another example of co-dominance would be for cows. If a brown cow had a baby with a white cow, their offspring could be a spotted brown and a white calf.

Co-dominance is used outside of biology all throughout the world. We see it almost everyday in the animals that we pass. There are farms throughout NC which have spotted brown cows and chickens. I learned that co- means together and Roan is a certain type of co-dominance in horses and cows.

Citations:

"Codominant". Cccoe.net. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

"Incomplete & Codominance". Hobart.k12.in.us. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

"Cite A Website - Cite This For Me". Static.memrise.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Nitrogen cycle

Information: 

• The air consists of about 78-80% nitrogen
• Nitrogen is important to all elements of life
• Nitrogen must change its state to be used on Earth
• Our bodies does not use the nitrogen but we are living organisms so we need it like all other things
• We get our nitrogen from food we absorb
• Plants get nitrogen from soil
• Fertilizers are used to add nitrogen to soils 
• Too much nitrogen causes things to grow rapidly and acid rain
• Bacteria is the most important part of the cycle 

Fun facts:

• It is used in many explosives
• About 3% of your body weight is nitrogen

Reflection:

We haven't learned and talked about the nitrogen cycle in class but here are the basics. I've always heard of nitrogen from the periodic table and in earth and environmental science. I was under the impression that Nitrogen was always just a gas but there is a whole cycle behind it. The nitrogen cycle is important because it moves between bacteria, plants and animals that all need the nitrogen. N2 is the nitrogen in the air we breathe in. Relating to photosynthesis though, nitrogen is needed to make chlorophyll in plants, which plants use in photosynthesis to make their food and energy. In conclusion, without the nitrogen cycle thing wouldn't balance properly and we couldn't survive. 

Citations:

"The Nitrogen Cycle". Eo.ucar.edu. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

"Science For Kids: Nitrogen Cycle". Ducksters.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Color Blindness- Sam Poulin

Color blindness is a genetically inherited deficiency of photopigments, or color cones in your eyes that is shown in more men than women. These cones allow us to see about 100 million shades of color. However for 2.7 million people in the America, a certain group of cones don't work properly or at all, which means they can only see a handful of colors. There are three types of colorblindness, red-green, blue-yellow, and monochromatic, in other words, they can only see black and white. but for the sake of this blog, I'm going to be talking about red-green colorblindness. Red-green colorblindness is inherited on the "X" chromosome on the 23rd pair. Being red-green colorblind means that you often can't tell the difference between red and green. Men are more likely to be colorblind because they either have it or they don't, they can't be a carrier. Women are less likely the be colorblind because they have two "X" chromosomes, so they can either be colorblind, be a carrier, or not be colorblind. One thing I learned while researching this was that a company called EnChroma has created a pair of glasses to allow red-green colorblind people see normal color. This blog could help you in real life because if you were red-green colorblind, you could understand why you're colorblind and how you could be able to see normal color. The picture is a red-green colorblind test, if you don't see the number, you could be colorblind.

Citations:
"Facts About Color Blindness | National Eye Institute". Nei.nih.gov. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Picture: "Ishihara Test: What Is Colour Blindness, And How Can You Get Tested?". The Week UK. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Cell wall Kobey Godbold

The cell wall is the rigid, semi-permeable protective layer in some cell types. This outer covering is positioned next to the cell membrane (plasma membrane) in most plant cells, fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea. Animal cells however, do not have a cell wall. The cell wall conducts many important functions in a cell including protection, structure, and support. Cell wall composition varies depending on the organism.In plants, the cell wall is composed mainly of the carbohydrate polymer cellulose. Cellulose is the major component of cotton fiber and wood and is used in paper production.
          A major role of the cell wall is to form a framework for the cell to prevent over expansion. Cellulose fibers, structural proteins, and other polysaccharides help to maintain the shape and form of the cell. Additional functions of the cell wall include support, protection and storage. 


Citation:  Bailey, Regina. "Cell Wall Structure And Function". About.com Education. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

DNA Function and Structure - Garrett Balog

DNA Function and Structure - Garrett Balog

• DNA is the basic building block of life
• DNA is made of nucleotides which are made of a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
• DNA is arranged in a shape that looks like a twisted ladder called a double helix.
• These nucleotides are arranged with the phosphate and sugar forming the sides and the nitrogen bases connecting to form the "rungs" of the ladder.
• These base pairs connect by Adenine to Thymine and Cytosine to Guanine through a weak hydrogen bond.
• This is how the DNA looks and is structure but the function of DNA is to give instructions to make proteins.
• The DNA will be replicated and then sent to the ribosomes to eventually make proteins, which control almost all bodily functions.

Reflection

DNA is used everywhere and our understanding of it betters everyones lives. As seen in the HGP, DNA can be used to diagnose and then eventually find cures for before incurable diseases providing a chance for people that before had no chance at life. We can also use DNA for criminal purposes, catching criminals, or in civil court cases, finding out the parents of a baby. Overall DNA can be used everywhere and it benefits us all.

"DNA - Structure". Chemguide.co.uk. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Chloroplast- Emily Hutchby

Chloroplast 

By: Emily Hutchby 
Main Ideas
- They are the food producers of the cell
- Only found in plant cells (and some protists)
- They use the process called photosynthesis to make food
- They have many different parts such as the outer/inner membranes, the stroma, and thylakoid, etc.

Chloroplasts are a very important part of the plant cell. But you may ask what does the chloroplast do? Well chloroplasts make food for the cell. They do that using the process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is process of taking energy from the sun and making sugars. The sugars are made when the light hits the chloroplasts and chlorophyll and converts the light energy into chemical energy, that can be found in compounds like ATP and NADPH. Although they seem like a small part of the cell, they are actually very very important. That is because if you don't have chloroplasts to make sugars there would be no way for the cell/plant to get food, and as we know, plants are a very important part of the environment. If we have no plants we have no oxygen and if we have no oxygen we would not survive.

Citations:
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_chloroplast.html
http://awhitebiology.weebly.com/chloroplasts.html

Acid Rain - Bernie Madow

      For this blog post I have decide to write about Acid Rain. Acid rain is a form of precipitation that has some acidic substance in it. A example of this would be a heavily polluted lake that evaporates and then condenses back into a cloud and then it moves over land and rains this acidic water back down to earth. Acid rain is harmful to the environment as it can kill plants and other vegetation.
    One thing I learned while researching this is that acid rain doesn't have to be rain. It can be any form of precipitation like snow or hail. It just has to be something that is acidic. I did already know that acid rain is caused by pollution but I was surprised that it could be from pollution in the air too not just polluted water.
       This topic can be used outside of biology in many ways because it is so import to everyones daily lives. If acid rain happens too often it will kill plants and can be harmful for animals to drink and if that happened it would affect all life on earth.
      I though this was a very interesting topic and I enjoyed researching it and I believe it is a very important topic because of all the real world affects it can have.

"What Is Acid Rain? | Acid Rain | US EPA". Epa.gov. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

       "Acid Rain - NYS Dept. Of Environmental Conservation". Dec.ny.gov. N.p., 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Plant Cell vs Animal Cell - Kevin Barteau

Plant Cell vs Animal Cell

By: Kevin Barteau

Main ideas:

-Differences

-only plant cells have

-Cell wall

-Chloroplasts

-Plastids

-only animal cells have

-Lysosomes

-Cilia

-Centrioles

-animal cells are Round(irregular shape) and plant cells are rectangular(fixed shape)

-animal cells have one or more small vacuoles and plant cells have one large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume

-Similarities

-both have

-Cytoplasm

-Ribosomes

-Mitochondria

-Endoplasmic Reticulum(Smooth and Rough)

-Golgi Apparatus

-Plasma Membrane

-Microtubules

-Nucleus

-Flagella may be found in some cells

-both are eukaryotic cells

Reflection:

We went over this in class so there wasn't much I learnt during my research but I was surprised that the website I sited for information stated that lysosomes, cilia, and centrioles might very rarely be in plants though I don’t think this will be on a test.

"Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell." diffen.com, 28 Nov. 2016, www.diffen.com/difference/Animal_Cell_vs_Plant_Cell.

"Plant cells vs Animal cells|What’s the difference ?" differencetalk.com, differencetalk.com/plant-cell-vs-animal-cell-whats-the-difference-between/. Accessed 28 Nov. 2016.

Genetics: Incomplete Dominance -Vanessa Torres

In genetics, dominance pertains to the property of a gene (or allele) in relation to other genes or alleles. A gene or allele shows dominance when it suppresses the expression, or dominates the effects, of the recessive gene (or allele). There are many forms of dominance: complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance. Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele. In Incomplete dominance no single allele is dominant and the offspring will be a mixture of both parents. The phenotype will show both traits of the parents in the offspring. In incomplete dominance, a heterozygous organism carrying two alleles wherein one is dominant and the other one is recessive, (Aa), the dominant allele will only be partially expressed. Hence, the heterozygous (Aa) will have an intermediate phenotype.





"Incomplete Dominance Examples In Plants, Animals And Humans | New Health Advisor". Newhealthadvisor.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Bailey, Regina and Regina Bailey. "What Is Incomplete Dominance In Genetics?". About.com Education. N.p., 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

"Incomplete Dominance - Biology-Online Dictionary". Biology-online.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Eukaryotic VS. Prokaryotic

There are a couple small, yet big, difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells. The major difference is that Eukaryotic cells have "Membrane bound organelles" and Prokaryotic cells do not. Another big difference is that Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Instead, they have many similar to Eukaryotic cells, but not all of them. Another major difference is that Eukaryotic cells are usually multicellular, but Prokaryotic cells are unicellular. 
• Eukaryotic cells are normally found in plants |  • Prokaryotic cells are normally found in bacteria
and animals                                                         |
                                                                            |
• Has a mitochondria                                          |  • Mitochondria is absent                                          
                                                                            |
                                                                       

My ending conclusion is that Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells are different in many small ways, but what makes them different, can affect the entire cell, and how the cell functions.

Mutation: Addition by James Voos

Mutation: Addition - By James Voos 

 Main Ideas - 

- The addition of a base during DNA replication 

- Can cause all of the amino acids after it to become messed up 

How It happens - 

It occurs when during replication an extra base is added to the sequence pushing all other bases to away from it - This distorts the chain and it creates different amino acids than intended

Example - 

Addition which is considered a frameshift mutation can be a cause of Cancer and Tay-Sachs disease

A base is inserted so all of the created amino acids are now different than intended 

Summary - 

In short addition is a frameshift mutation that can cause a lot of damage to the organisms DNA is occurs in.  It can cause millions of proteins to be made incorrectly and can even be a cause of cancer and Tay-Sachs disease.  Even though rare they can occur and random to anyone.  Not all of them are dangerous but some of them can be life threatening.

Citations 

"Cite A Website - Cite This For Me". Yourgenome.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

 N.p., 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

"Types Of Mutations: Substitution, Insertions, Deletion And Frameshifts". Biotechnologyforums.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Blood Types

Blood Types

By: Rachel Duff

Main Info:

-There are four different blood types.

          -Type A

          -Type B

          -Type AB

          -Type O

-Each letter refers to a kind of antigen, or protein, on the surface of red blood cells.

-In a blood transfusion, a patient must receive a blood type that is compatible with his or her own blood type.

          -The donated blood must be accepted by the patient's own blood. If the blood types are

           not compatible, red blood cells will clump together, making clots that can block blood                         vessels and cause death

          -Type O blood is considered the “universal donor” because it can be donated to people 

            of any blood type. Type AB blood is considered the “universal recipient” because people   

            with this type can receive any blood type.

-Blood type is inherited.

Visuals:

Reflection:

-We learned about blood types recently in class so I knew most of the information in here. I did learn a few things though. One thing I learned is that you can actually die if the wrong kind of blood gets into your body. Another thing I learned is that in Japan, knowing someone's blood type is very important because it's believed that it shows your personality and your traits.

References:

"Blood Types". Infoplease.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

"Blood Types Chart | Blood Group Information | American Red Cross". American Red Cross. N.p., 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Plasma Membrane

Plasma Membrane

Main Ideas:

-Microscopic Membrane of lipids and proteins.

-Present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

-Also referred to as a cell membrane because it works with the inner and outer cell walls.

-The plasma membranes job is to manage what leaves and enters the cell

-The lipids help with the flexibility while the proteins make sure the membrane holds shape.

Reflection:
The plasma membrane or "Cell membrane" is an outer membrane of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell.  By regulating what leaves and enters the cell the cell is protected.  The membrane is made from lipids and proteins which helps with shape and flexibility.  The substance known as its walls it a phospholipid bilayer, This allows only certain cells to diffuse and enter the cell.

I chose plasma membranes because I think its cool that theres like a body guard inside of us protecting our cells, It is a very interesting process and membrane, I hope you enjoyed this small bit of information I put together.

Source:
 N.p., 2016. Print.
http://biology.tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant-cells/plasma-membrane.html

RNA

Main Ideas

• Stands for Ribonucleic Acid
• Sugar is Ribose
• Nucleotide base contains Nitrogen bases, ribose sugar and a phosphate 
• Has same nitrogen bases as DNA expect for Thymine replaced by Uracil 
• Single stranded 
• Three types of RNA are mRNA, tRNA and rRna  

You may have heard of DNA, but it is not the same as RNA. RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. There are many differences between the two, however this project will focus on RNA. RNA comes in different shapes, but it is usually single stranded. It is a molecule with long chains of nucleotides. All nucleotides contain a nitrogen base, a sugar and a phosphate. The nitrogen bases that RNA has are Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine. The sugar is ribose. The main purpose of RNA is that it is involved in protein synthesis. The RNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosomes. There are three types of RNA. They are mRNA(messenger RNA), tRNA(transfer RNA) and rRNA(ribosomal RNA). Messenger RNA starts out as DNA and goes through the process of transcription where it travels from the nucleus to the ribosomes. Transfer RNA decodes the mRNA sequence into amino acids. The Ribosomal RNA group the amino acids into protein chains.

I learned, from research, ribose sugar is more reactive because it has hydroxyl bonds, which are weak. Something that surprised me was that RNA has large groves that can be attacked by enzymes. I already knew that the four nitrogen bases of RNA are Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine. RNA was something I already knew about from class. I like this objective because it is interesting that RNA looks very similar to DNA but is really different. RNA can be applied outside of biology because you can relate it to a code for different amino acids like code for a computer program.

Cashin-Garbutt, April. "What Is RNA?". News-Medical.net. N.p., 2016. Web. 12 Nov. 2016.

"Cite A Website - Cite This For Me". Scienceprofonline.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 12 Nov. 2016.

"Cite A Website - Cite This For Me". Image.slidesharecdn.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 12 Nov. 2016.

"Globalization, Biosecurity, And The Future Of The Life Sciences". N.p., 2016. Print.

Lodish, Harvey et al. "The Three Roles Of RNA In Protein Synthesis". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. N.p., 2016. Web. 12 Nov. 2016.

Sex Chromosomes

Main Ideas:

• Determine the sex of an organism
• Considered the 23rd chromosome pair
• XY in males while XX in females
• 22 other chromosomal pairs are called autosomes
• Several disorders are known to be associated with an odd numbers of sex chromosomes

Reflection:

Sex chromosomes are known to determine the sex of an organism. They make up the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the average human. Eggs fertilized by X bearing sperm become females (XX) while eggs fertilized by Y bearing sperm become males (XY). Unlike autosomes, in which each individual of the pair carries the same forms (alleles) of the same genes, sex chromosomes do not carry identical genetic information. The X chromosome, being larger, carries more genes than the Y chromosome does. Recessive sex-linked traits, such as red-green colorblindness and hemophilia, occur much more frequently in men than in women. This is because if a man receives the recessive allele from a woman's X chromosome, then his Y chromosome will have no allele to counteract its effects, making him prone to the disorder. However, a female must receive two recessive alleles on both her X chromosomes to fully display the trait. Though is most be on both X chromosomes to be fully displayed, it can be shown once to make the woman a "carrier", which may have minor symptoms of the disorder. I learned this information in class from Mr. Black, whom did a great job teaching what sex chromosomes were and how they can be affected by sex-linked traits and disorders. I never would've realized how lucky women are in the fact that they have a second opportunity to not have a disorder or trait all because of their second X chromosome. I personally liked this topic because it broadened my knowledge of sex chromosomes and sex-linked traits and how men are affected much more than women.

Citations:
"Sex Chromosome | Genetics". Encyclopedia Britannica. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.
"DNA & Its Job 2010G10r3b - (A) Chromosomes". 2010g09r3bdnawiki.wikispaces.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.

Mutation- Substitution

Mutation- Substitution 

Main Ideas:

• An exchange between base pairs
• Could affect the codon reading for amino acids

Process:

• When one or multiple base pairs are taken out and are replaced by a different set of base pairs

Example:

• Sickle Cell Anaemia
• GAG is mutated to  GTG
• This caused the codon reading to change from glutamate to valine

Reflection Summary:

I really enjoyed learning this topic.  Substitution is just one of the types of mutations that we learned about. Most of the information that I received was from class but I did do more research to further my knowledge. One of the things I learned while researching was silent mutations. Silent Mutations are substitutions that don’t effect the protein structure. I always thought that mutation would have an affect but silent mutations don’t.

Citations:

"What Types Of Mutation Are There?". Yourgenome.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Nov. 2016. 

"Types Of Mutations: Substitution, Insertions, Deletion And Frameshifts". Biotechnologyforums.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.

"Protein Synthesis - Notes". Biology | Mrs. McComas. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.

Hemophilia

6 Quick Main Topics

• Genetic disorder caused by missing or defective factor VIII, a clotting protein.

• Inherited in an X-linked recessive (occurs most in males).

• There are four possible outcomes for a female carrier. She can pass on a boy with hemophilia, boy without hemophilia, girl carrier, or a girl with hemophilia. This will be determined by the XY of the father.

• Symptoms: bleeding longer than usual, internally into joints and muscles or externally.

• Hemophilia occurs in approximately 1 in 5,000 live births. 

• No cure, but treatment can be provided by factor therapies.

Picture:

Reflection:

Hemophilia is a very rare X linked recessive trait, occurring typically more in males. This is due to males only having one X chromosome out of two (XY). The Y chromosome will never be affected, so only the X will determine if the male has received the trait. For people who have hemophilia, there are two types. Hemophilia A & B. Hemophilia A is four times more common than B. While hemophilia is caused by defective factor Vll, while hemophilia B is caused by the defective factor IX. While a female can be a carrier, a male cannot. A female carrier has the trait but the trait does not affect her, since she has the trait she can pass it down to either male or female children. Most of the information I obtained about hemophilia was in class, Mr. Black did a tremendous job explaining hemophilia and how it is a X linked recessive trait. I would have never known how males are affected more than females with X linked traits, only because of their Y chromosome. I enjoyed this topic, because I expanded my research on the trait and how it personally affects people dealing with no cure for hemophilia.

Interactive:
If the mother carries the hemophilia gene and the father has hemophilia, what ratio of their kids will receive hemophilia?

Citations:

"Hemophilia A". National Hemophilia Foundation, 2016, https://www.hemophilia.org/Bleeding-Disorders/Types-of-Bleeding-Disorders/Hemophilia-A.

Reference, Genetics. "Hemophilia". Genetics Home Reference, 2016, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/hemophilia.

Cell Organelle: Cell Wall

CELL WALL


What I learned about the Cell Wall:


Visual Representation:












Main Information:
While I was learning about the cell wall, I thought that it was very self explanatory. Turns out there are things that make up the cell wall that you would never put through your mind. There are lots of little molecules in the cell all that protect the cell, the thing that is self explanatory is that this is a wall for the cell to protect it. Think of it as a fence to a house, you want to be as safe as possible and that is what the cell wall does for the cell, it keeps it safe and determines what can go in or through the cell and what cannot pass through also. The cell wall is made up of a rigid layer of polysaccharides that are lying outside of the plasma membrane. For example it would lay outside of the plasma membrane for plants, fungi, and bacteria. The main component of the cell wall is cellulose. The cell was has to be very flexible and tough because it may pass another cell that is share and that toughness and flexibility will protect the cell that the wall is protecting. For example is we are talking about a cell wall on a plant and it is hailing outside the cell wall can protect the main cell of that plant from any outside interferences, and things may get through but it would do as much damage and have a less chance because of that cell wall helping out a lot. Lastly I wanted to state that the cell wall is present in most prokaryotes.

References:

In-text: ("Cite A Website - Cite This For Me")

Your Bibliography: "Cite A Website - Cite This For Me". Micro.magnet.fsu.edu. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.

Biogenesis - Nicholas Smith

Biogenesis (Cell Reproduction)

Main Ideas:

- All living things come from other living things

- The synthesis of substances by living organisms

- Growth of an organism

- Replace old/worn out cells

- Two types of eukaryotic cells in your body: Body Cells: skin cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, Sex Cells: reproductive cells: sperm, egg, or pollen

I don't know much about Biogenesis but it seems to be based on Cell Reproduction and the growth of organisms, it also explains that living organisms can only be produced by another living organism. I learned that cells reproduce asexually by dividing, meaning that no intercourse is required and that the divided cell is a perfect copy. Some purposes of cell division are growth of an organism, to replace old or worn out cells, and to repair damaged tissues. One thing that surprised me was that cells usually stay small in size to efficiently transport materials like waste, food, water, and oxygen, I knew that cells transported materials throughout the body but I didn't know that they had to be small in particular. I liked researching and learning more about Biogenesis (Cell Reproduction), I feel like this is something that we need to know about our body and how it heals, grows, and reproduces. I think Cell Reproduction can be used to make new cells for specific parts of the body or modify a current body cell to be immune to say a disease or disorder that could make you sick.

"Biology Biogenesis Flashcards | Quizlet". Quizlet.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 25 Nov. 2016. 

"Cite A Website - Cite This For Me". Npenn.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 25 Nov. 2016. 

Symbiotic Relationships: Parasitism

Symbiotic Relationships: Parasitism
Colby Dennis

Aphids being parasitic to a leaf
"Aphid and Leaf". Extension.entm.purdue.edu.
N.p., 2016. Web. 15 Nov. 2016.

Main Ideas:
- One organism lives off another
- Beneficial to only one
- Tries to harm but not kill
- Infects animals and plants

- Causes organisms to evolve and create symbiotic relationships

Reflection:

Somethings I learned about parasitism is that they don't try to kill their host. They don't kill their host because if they kill their host then they no longer have something to feed off of. Some things I knew about it were that it was beneficial only to one, the parasite. I also knew that it was one organism living off of another. I like this objective as it is fun to learn about how the world is interacted with.


"Evolution". Necsi.edu. N.p., 2016. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.

  

Antibiotics

(what are they and how do they work)

Main Ideas: 

-type of drug used in treatment and prevention of bacterial infections

-kill or prevent growth of bacteria

-don’t fight infections caused by viruses

I learned while researching antibiotics that you can become antibiotic resistant, meaning if you take an antibiotic everyday you're body will soon become use to it. If your body becomes use to antibiotics they wont work well or you will have to take more and more for it to be effective. I also learned the different ways antibiotics can be taken which are; liquids, capsules, tablets, or by injection. This to me was interesting to learn about because most people take antibiotics at least once in there life. Since i didn't know much about them, it really grabbed my attention. I think antibiotics can defiantly be applied outside of biology because people take them without really knowing what they do and how they work. You can take them for things are simple as a sinus infection or even strep throat sense its caused by bacteria. 

References

"Antibiotics: When They Can And Can't Help". Familydoctor.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.

"Lifehacker Australia | Tips And Downloads To Help You At Work And Play". Lifehacker.com.au. N.p., 2016. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.

"Webmd - Better Information. Better Health.". WebMD. N.p., 2016. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.

Anaerobic Energy Production Blake Burchett

Anaerobic Energy/Fermentation Production

Visual Aspects:

Main Idea/Information:
• The 2 types of fermantations are latic acid and aolcholic fermanitation.
• High energy phosphates are stored in limited quantities within muscle cells
• Anaerobic Energy means energy without air or oxygen. An means without and aerobic means air.

What I learned While Researching:
While I conducted my research about Anaerobic Energy I learned that Anaerobic Energy is a types of respiration where oxygen is not used, instead, organic or inorganic molecules are used as final electron acceptors. Also fermentation includes processes that use an organic molecule to regenerate NAD+ from NADH. One big thing that I learned while researching was that all forms of fermentation expect for lactic acid produce gas, which plays a big role in the identification of bacteria. The last interesting thing I learned while researching is that some types of prokaryotes are facultatively anaerobic, which means that they can switch between aerobic respiration and fermentation, depending on the availability of oxygen.  I enjoyed researching and learning about Anaerobic Energy because it helped me understand where my body gets a lot of its energy and it's amazing  how we can produce it ourselves. There are many ways you use Anaerobic Energy while out of biology cause you need energy to to walk and move around, use your muscles and you need Anaerobic Energy to basically live because it plays a gigantic role in life.


References:
"How Your Energy Systems Overlap : Aerobic & Anaerobic Training". Discount Supplements Blog. N.p., 2016. Web. 14 Nov. 2016.
"Anaerobic Cellular Respiration". Boundless. N.p., 2016. Web. 14 Nov. 2016.
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